and a new Eden. These, however, are not three distinct places,59 but complementary descriptions of a single reality: the ‘new creation’. John’s description begins by drawing attention to a renewed cosmos: ‘a new heaven and a new earth’. This fulfils the promise of Isaiah 65:17 (cf. 66:22), where this new cosmos is also portrayed (cf. Isa. 65:8–10, 18–25) in terms of transformation and renewal rather than destruction and replacement.60 Here in Revelation, John seems to suggest the latter
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